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Background:
Spain's
powerful world empire of the 16th and 17th centuries ultimately yielded command
of the seas to England. Subsequent failure to embrace the mercantile and
industrial revolutions caused the country to fall behind Britain, France, and
Germany in economic and political power. Spain remained neutral in World Wars I
and II but suffered through a devastating civil war (1936-39). A peaceful
transition to democracy following the death of dictator Francisco FRANCO in
1975, and rapid economic modernization (Spain joined the EU in 1986) gave Spain
a dynamic and rapidly growing economy and made it a global champion of freedom
and human rights. The government's major focus for the immediate future will be
on measures to reverse the severe economic recession that started in mid-2008.
Location:
Southwestern Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, Bay of Biscay,
and Pyrenees Mountains; southwest of France
Geographic
coordinates:
40 00 N, 4
00 W
Map
references:
Europe
Area:
total:
505,370 sq km
country
comparison to the world: 52
land:
498,980 sq km
water:
6,390 sq km
note: there
are two autonomous cities - Ceuta and Melilla - and 17 autonomous communities
including Balearic Islands and Canary Islands, and three small Spanish
possessions off the coast of Morocco - Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas,
and Penon de Velez de la Gomera
Area -
comparative:
slightly
more than twice the size of Oregon
Land
boundaries:
total:
1,917.8 km
border countries:
Andorra 63.7 km, France 623 km, Gibraltar 1.2 km, Portugal 1,214 km, Morocco
(Ceuta) 6.3 km, Morocco (Melilla) 9.6 km
Coastline:
4,964 km
Maritime
claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive
economic zone: 200 nm (applies only to the Atlantic Ocean)
Climate:
temperate;
clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy,
cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast
Terrain:
large, flat
to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills; Pyrenees Mountains in north
Elevation
extremes:
lowest
point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest
point: Pico de Teide (Tenerife) on Canary Islands 3,718 m
Natural
resources:
coal,
lignite, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, uranium, tungsten, mercury, pyrites,
magnesite, fluorspar, gypsum, sepiolite, kaolin, potash, hydropower, arable
land
Land
use:
arable
land: 27.18%
permanent
crops: 9.85%
other:
62.97% (2005)
Irrigated
land:
38,000 sq
km (2003)
Total
renewable water resources:
111.1 cu km
(2005)
Freshwater
withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
total:
37.22 cu km/yr (13%/19%/68%)
per capita:
864 cu m/yr (2002)
Natural
hazards:
periodic
droughts, occasional flooding
volcanism:
volcanic activity in the Canary Islands, located off Africa's northwest coast;
Teide (elev. 3,715 m) has been deemed a "Decade Volcano" by the
International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior,
worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human
populations; La Palma (elev. 2,426 m), which last erupted in 1971, is the most
active of the Canary Islands volcanoes; Lanzarote is the only other
historically active volcano
Environment
- current issues:
pollution
of the Mediterranean Sea from raw sewage and effluents from the offshore
production of oil and gas; water quality and quantity nationwide; air
pollution; deforestation; desertification
Environment
- international agreements:
party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air
Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate
Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,
Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical
Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but
not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Geography -
note:
strategic
location along approaches to Strait of Gibraltar; Spain controls a number of
territories in northern Morocco including the enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla,
and the islands of Penon de Velez de la Gomera, Penon de Alhucemas, and Islas
Chafarinas
Nationality:
noun:
Spaniard(s)
adjective:
Spanish
Ethnic
groups:
composite
of Mediterranean and Nordic types
Languages:
Castilian
Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, and Basque 2%
note:
Catalan is official in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian
Community (where it is known as Valencian); in the northwest corner of
Catalonia (Vall d'Aran), Aranese is official along with Catalan; Galician is
official in Galicia; Basque is official in the Basque Country
Religions:
Roman
Catholic 94%, other 6%
Population:
47,370,542
(July 2013 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 28
Age
structure:
0-14 years:
15.3% (male 3,698,174/female 3,483,844)
15-24
years: 9.9% (male 2,401,814/female 2,232,342)
25-54
years: 46.5% (male 11,127,110/female 10,751,806)
55-64
years: 11.1% (male 2,546,319/female 2,684,463)
65 years
and over: 17.3% (male 3,444,027/female 4,673,085) (2012 est.)
Median
age:
total: 40.9
years
male: 39.7
years
female:
42.2 years (2012 est.)
Population
growth rate:
0.654%
(2012 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 142
Birth
rate:
10.4
births/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 185
Death
rate:
8.88
deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 71
Net
migration rate:
5.02
migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 19
Urbanization:
urban
population: 77% of total population (2010)
rate of
urbanization: 1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major
cities - population:
MADRID (capital) 5.762 million; Barcelona 5.029 million;
Valencia 812,000 (2009)
Sex
ratio:
at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female
under 15
years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64
years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years
and over: 0.74 male(s)/female
total
population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
Maternal
mortality rate:
6
deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country
comparison to the world: 172
Infant
mortality rate:
total: 3.37
deaths/1,000 live births
country
comparison to the world: 214
male: 3.71
deaths/1,000 live births
female:
3.01 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)
Life
expectancy at birth:
total
population: 81.27 years
country
comparison to the world: 15
male: 78.26
years
female:
84.47 years (2012 est.)
Total
fertility rate:
1.48
children born/woman (2013 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 191
Health
expenditures:
9.5% of GDP
(2010)
country
comparison to the world: 33
Physicians
density:
3.705
physicians/1,000 population (2009)
Hospital
bed density:
3.2
beds/1,000 population (2009)
Sanitation
facility access:
improved:
urban: 100%
of population
rural: 100%
of population
total: 100%
of population
HIV/AIDS -
adult prevalence rate:
0.4% (2009
est.)
country
comparison to the world: 77
HIV/AIDS -
people living with HIV/AIDS:
130,000
(2009 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 35
HIV/AIDS -
deaths:
1,600 (2009
est.)
country
comparison to the world: 58
Obesity -
adult prevalence rate:
15.6%
(2007)
country
comparison to the world: 35
Education
expenditures:
4.3% of GDP
(2007)
country comparison
to the world: 95
Literacy:
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write
total
population: 97.7%
male: 98.5%
female: 97%
(2010 est.)
School life
expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 16
years
male: 16
years
female: 17
years (2008)
Unemployment,
youth ages 15-24:
total:
41.6%
country
comparison to the world: 7
male: 43.2%
female:
39.8% (2010)
Country
name:
conventional
long form: Kingdom of Spain
conventional
short form: Spain
local long form: Reino de Espana
local short
form: Espana
Government
type:
parliamentary
monarchy
Capital:
name:
Madrid
geographic
coordinates: 40 24 N, 3 41 W
time
difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight
saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
note: Spain
is divided into two time zones including the Canary Islands
Administrative divisions:
17 autonomous communities (comunidades autonomas, singular -
comunidad autonoma) and 2 autonomous cities* (ciudades autonomas, singular -
ciudad autonoma); Andalucia, Aragon, Asturias, Baleares (Balearic Islands),
Ceuta*, Canarias (Canary Islands), Cantabria, Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla y
Leon, Cataluna (Catalonia), Comunidad Valenciana (Valencian Community),
Extremadura, Galicia, La Rioja, Madrid, Melilla*, Murcia, Navarra, Pais Vasco
(Basque Country)
note: the
autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla plus three small islands of Islas
Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera, administered
directly by the Spanish central government, are all along the coast of Morocco
and are collectively referred to as Places of Sovereignty (Plazas de
Soberania)
Independence:
1492; the
Iberian peninsula was characterized by a variety of independent kingdoms prior
to the Muslim occupation that began in the early 8th century A.D. and lasted
nearly seven centuries; the small Christian redoubts of the north began the
reconquest almost immediately, culminating in the seizure of Granada in 1492;
this event completed the unification of several kingdoms and is traditionally
considered the forging of present-day Spain
National
holiday:
National
Day, 12 October (1492); year when Columbus first set foot in the Americas
Constitution:
approved by
legislature 31 October 1978; passed by referendum 6 December 1978; signed by
the king 27 December 1978
Legal
system:
civil law
system with regional variations
International
law organization participation:
accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Suffrage:
18 years of
age; universal
Executive
branch:
chief of
state: King JUAN CARLOS I (since 22 November 1975); Heir Apparent Prince
FELIPE, son of the monarch, born 30 January 1968
head of
government: President of the Government (Prime Minister equivalent) Mariano
RAJOY (since 20 December 2011); Vice President (and Minister of the President's
Office) Soraya Saenz de SANTAMARIA (since 22 December 2011)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers designated by the president
(For more
information visit the World Leaders website )
note: there
is also a Council of State that is the supreme consultative organ of the
government, but its recommendations are non-binding
elections:
the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the
majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually proposed
president by the monarch and elected by the National Assembly; election last
held on 20 November 2011 (next to be held in November 2015); vice president and
Council of Ministers are appointed by the president
election
results: Mariano RAJOY elected President of the Government; percent of vote -
44.62%
Legislative
branch:
bicameral;
General Courts or Las Cortes Generales (National Assembly) consists of the
Senate or Senado (257 seats as of 2013; 208 members directly elected by popular
vote and the other 49 - as of 2013 - appointed by the regional legislatures;
members to serve four-year terms) and the Congress of Deputies or Congreso de
los Diputados (350 seats; each of the 50 electoral provinces fills a minimum of
two seats and the North African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla fill one seat
each with members serving a four-year term; the other 248 members are
determined by proportional representation based on popular vote on block lists
who serve four-year terms)
elections:
Senate - last held on 20 November 2011 (next to be held by November 2015);
Congress of Deputies - last held on 20 November 2011 (next to be held by
November 2015)
election
results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PP 136, PSOE
48, CiU 9, Entesa (PSC-PSOE) 7, EAJ/PNV 4, other 4, members appointed by
regional legislatures 49; Congress of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PP
44.6%, PSOE 28.8%, CiU 4.2%, IU 6.9%, Amaiur 1.4%, UPyD 4.7%, EAJ/PNV 1.3%,
other 3.5%; seats by party - PP 186, PSOE 110, CiU 16, IU 11, Amaiur 7, UPyD 5,
EAJ/PNV 5, other 10
Judicial
branch:
Supreme
Court or Tribunal Supremo; Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucioanal de
Espana
Political
parties and leaders:
Amaiur
[collective leadership] (a coalition of parties advocating the peaceful Basque
independence from Spain); Basque Nationalist Party or PNV or EAJ [Inigo URKULLU
Renteria]; Canarian Coalition or CC [Claudina MORALES Rodriquez] (a coalition
of five parties); Convergence and Union or CiU [Artur MAS i Gavarro] (a coalition
of the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia or CDC [Artur MAS i Gavarro] and the
Democratic Union of Catalonia or UDC [Josep Antoni DURAN i LLEIDA]); Entesa
Catalonia de Progress (a Senate coalition grouping four Catalan parties - PSC,
ERC, ICV, EUA); Galician Nationalist Bloc or BNG [Guillerme VAZQUEZ Vazquez];
Initiative for Catalonia Greens or ICV [Joan HERRERA i Torres]; Yes to the
Future or Geroa Bai [collective leadership] (a coalition of four Navarran
parties); Popular Party or PP [Mariano RAJOY Brey]; Republican Left of
Catalonia or ERC [Oriol JUNQUERAS i Vies]; Spanish Socialist Workers Party or
PSOE [Alfredo PEREZ Rubalcaba]; Union of People of Navarra or UPN [Yolanda
BARCINA Angulo]; Union, Progress and Democracy or UPyD [Rosa DIEZ Gonzalez];
United Left or IU [Cayo LARA Moya] (a coalition of parties including the
Communist Party of Spain or PCE and other small parties)
Political
pressure groups and leaders:
Association
for Victims of Terrorism or AVT (grassroots organization devoted primarily to
supporting victims of the Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) terrorist
organization); 15-M or 15 May protest movement, which is also known as the
Indignados, Spanish for the "indignant ones" (a loose association of
grassroots organizations that advocate for greater accountability and
transparency in Spanish politics, increased social justice and job creation);
Socialist General Union of Workers or UGT and the smaller independent Workers
Syndical Union or USO; Trade Union Confederation of Workers' Commissions or
CC.OO.; and the smaller independent Workers Syndical Union or USO
other:
business and landowning interests; Catholic Church; free labor unions
(authorized in April 1977); university students
International
organization participation:
ADB
(nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer),
Australia Group, BCIE, BIS, CAN (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN,
EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF,
IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO,
IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer),
MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA,
Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
WTO, ZC
Diplomatic
representation in the US:
chief of
mission: Ambassador Ramon Gil-Casares SATRUSTEGUI
chancery:
2375 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037
telephone:
[1] (202) 452-0100, 728-2340
FAX: [1]
(202) 833-5670
consulate(s)
general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco,
San Juan (Puerto Rico)
Diplomatic
representation from the US:
chief of
mission: Ambassador Alan D. SOLOMONT
embassy:
Serrano 75, 28006 Madrid
mailing
address: PSC 61, APO AE 09642
telephone:
[34] (91) 587-2200
FAX: [34]
(91) 587-2303
consulate(s)
general: Barcelona
Flag
description:
three
horizontal bands of red (top), yellow (double width), and red with the national
coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band; the coat of arms is
quartered to display the emblems of the traditional kingdoms of Spain
(clockwise from upper left, Castile, Leon, Navarre, and Aragon) while Granada
is represented by the stylized pomegranate at the bottom of the shield; the
arms are framed by two columns representing the Pillars of Hercules, which are
the two promontories (Gibraltar and Ceuta) on either side of the eastern end of
the Strait of Gibraltar; the red scroll across the two columns bears the
imperial motto of "Plus Ultra" (further beyond) referring to Spanish
lands beyond Europe; the triband arrangement with the center stripe twice the
width of the outer dates to the 18th century
note: the
red and yellow colors are related to those of the oldest Spanish kingdoms:
Aragon, Castile, Leon, and Navarre
National
symbol(s):
Pillars of
Hercules
National
anthem:
name:
"Himno Nacional Espanol" (National Anthem of Spain)
lyrics/music:
none/unknown
note:
officially in use between 1770 and 1931, restored in 1939; the Spanish anthem
has no lyrics; in the years prior to 1931 it became known as "Marcha
Real" (The Royal March); it first appeared in a 1761 military bugle call
book and was replaced by "Himno de Riego" in the years between 1931
and 1939; the long version of the anthem is used for the king, while the short
version is used for the prince, prime minister, and occasions such as sporting
events
Economy -
overview:
After
almost 15 years of above average GDP growth, the Spanish economy began to slow
in late 2007 and entered into a recession in the second quarter of 2008. GDP
contracted by 3.7% in 2009, ending a 16-year growth trend, and by another 0.3%
in 2010; GDP expanded 0.4% in 2011, before contracting 1.3% in 2012. The
economy has once again fallen into recession as deleveraging in the private
sector, fiscal consolidation, and continued high unemployment weigh on domestic
demand and investment, even as exports have shown signs of resiliency. The
unemployment rate rose from a low of about 8% in 2007 to 26.0% in 2012. The
economic downturn has also hurt Spain's public finances. The government budget
deficit peaked at 11.2% of GDP in 2010 and the process to reduce this imbalance
has been slow despite the central government's efforts to raise new tax revenue
and cut spending. Spain reduced its budget deficit to 9.4% of GDP in 2011, and
roughly 6.7% of GDP in 2012, above the 6.3% target negotiated between Spain and
the EU. Although Spain's large budget deficit and poor economic growth
prospects remain a source of concern for foreign investors, the government's
ongoing efforts to cut spending and introduce flexibility into the labor
markets are intended to assuage these concerns. The government is also taking
steps to shore up the banking system, namely by using up to $130 billion in EU
funds to recapitalize struggling banks exposed to the collapsed domestic
construction and real estate sectors.
GDP
(purchasing power parity):
$1.407
trillion (2012 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 15
$1.429
trillion (2011 est.)
$1.423
trillion (2010 est.)
note: data
are in 2012 US dollars
GDP
(official exchange rate):
$1.34
trillion (2012 est.)
GDP - real
growth rate:
-1.5% (2012
est.)
country
comparison to the world: 201
0.4% (2011
est.)
-0.3% (2010
est.)
GDP - per
capita (PPP):
$30,400
(2012 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 44
$31,000
(2011 est.)
$30,900
(2010 est.)
note: data
are in 2012 US dollars
GDP -
composition by sector:
agriculture:
3.3%
industry:
24.2%
services:
72.6% (2012 est.)
Labor
force:
23.14
million (2012 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 28
Labor force
- by occupation:
agriculture:
4.2%
industry:
24%
services:
71.7% (2009 est.)
Unemployment
rate:
24.9% (2012
est.)
country
comparison to the world: 172
21.7% (2011
est.)
Population
below poverty line:
19.8%
(2005)
Household
income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%:
2.6%
highest
10%: 26.6% (2000)
Distribution
of family income - Gini index:
32 (2005)
country
comparison to the world: 104
32.5
(1990)
Investment
(gross fixed):
20.6% of
GDP (2012 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 87
Budget:
revenues:
$485.1 billion
expenditures:
$584.3 billion (2012 est.)
Taxes and
other revenues:
36.2% of
GDP (2012 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 65
Budget
surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-7.4% of
GDP (2012 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 186
Public
debt:
83.2% of
GDP (2012 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 22
68.5% of
GDP (2011 est.)
Inflation
rate (consumer prices):
2.5% (2012
est.)
country
comparison to the world: 55
3.1% (2011
est.)
Central
bank discount rate:
1.5% (31
December 2012)
country
comparison to the world: 123
1.75% (31
December 2010)
note: this
is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which
offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area
Commercial
bank prime lending rate:
7.3% (31
December 2012 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 116
8.09% (31
December 2011 est.)
Stock of
narrow money:
$775.2
billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 8
$778.1
billion (31 December 2011 est.)
note: see
entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European
Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic
and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the
quantity of money circulating within their own borders
Stock of
broad money:
$1.969
trillion (31 December 2012 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 8
$2.211
trillion (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of
domestic credit:
$2.849
trillion (31 December 2012 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 10
$3.152
trillion (31 December 2011 est.)
Market
value of publicly traded shares:
$1.031
trillion (31 December 2011)
country
comparison to the world: 14
$1.172
trillion (31 December 2010)
$1.297
trillion (31 December 2009)
Agriculture
- products:
grain,
vegetables, olives, wine grapes, sugar beets, citrus; beef, pork, poultry,
dairy products; fish
Industries:
textiles
and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal
manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism,
clay and refractory products, footwear, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment
Industrial
production growth rate:
-1.4% (2011
est.)
country
comparison to the world: 154
Current
account balance:
-$18.8
billion (2012 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 181
-$52.28
billion (2011 est.)
Exports:
$303.8
billion (2012 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 19
$309.6
billion (2011 est.)
Exports -
commodities:
machinery,
motor vehicles; foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, medicines, other consumer goods
Exports -
partners:
France
17.8%, Germany 10.6%, Portugal 8.3%, Italy 8.3%, UK 6.7% (2011)
Imports:
$322.7
billion (2012 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 18
$364.9
billion (2011 est.)
Imports -
commodities:
machinery
and equipment, fuels, chemicals, semifinished goods, foodstuffs, consumer
goods, measuring and medical control instruments
Imports -
partners:
Germany
13%, France 11.8%, Italy 6.7%, China 5.8%, Netherlands 5%, UK 4.5% (2011)
Reserves of
foreign exchange and gold:
$47.1
billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 39
$31.91
billion (2010 est.)
Debt -
external:
$2.57
trillion (30 June 2011)
country
comparison to the world: 8
$2.166
trillion (30 June 2010)
Stock of
direct foreign investment - at home:
$663.1
billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 8
$652.8
billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of
direct foreign investment - abroad:
$739.2
billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 10
$690.4
billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Exchange
rates:
euros (EUR)
per US dollar -
0.7838
(2012 est.)
0.7185
(2011 est.)
0.755 (2010
est.)
0.7198
(2009 est.)
0.6827
(2008 est.)
Fiscal
year:
calendar
year
Electricity
- production:
279.6
billion kWh (2010 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 15
Electricity
- consumption:
256.6
billion kWh (2009 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 15
Electricity
- exports:
13.52
billion kWh (2010 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 13
Electricity
- imports:
5.169
billion kWh (2010 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 39
Electricity
- installed generating capacity:
96.28
million kW (2009 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 12
Electricity
- from fossil fuels:
48.7% of
total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 156
Electricity
- from nuclear fuels:
7.6% of
total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 23
Electricity
- from hydroelectric plants:
13.7% of
total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 107
Electricity
- from other renewable sources:
24.4% of
total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 3
Crude oil -
production:
12,090
bbl/day (2011 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 79
Crude oil -
exports:
0 bbl/day
(2009 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 186
Crude oil -
imports:
1.046
million bbl/day (2009 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 10
Crude oil -
proved reserves:
150 million
bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 68
Refined
petroleum products - production:
1.211
million bbl/day (2009 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 19
Refined
petroleum products - consumption:
1.384
million bbl/day (2011 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 18
Refined
petroleum products - exports:
240,700
bbl/day (2009 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 28
Refined
petroleum products - imports:
528,400
bbl/day (2009 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 11
Natural gas
- production:
52 million
cu m (2011 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 83
Natural gas
- consumption:
33.55
billion cu m (2011 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 28
Natural gas
- exports:
1.698
billion cu m (2011 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 40
Natural gas
- imports:
35.49
billion cu m (2011 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 13
Natural gas
- proved reserves:
2.548
billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 97
Carbon
dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
316.4
million Mt (2010 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 20
Telephones
- main lines in use:
19.867
million (2011)
country
comparison to the world: 14
Telephones
- mobile cellular:
52.598
million (2011)
country
comparison to the world: 26
Telephone
system:
general
assessment: well developed, modern facilities; fixed-line teledensity exceeds
40 per 100 persons
domestic:
combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 150 telephones per
100 persons
international:
country code - 34; submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, Middle
East, Asia, and US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and
1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to adjacent countries
Broadcast
media:
a mixture
of both publicly-operated and privately-owned TV and radio stations; overall,
hundreds of TV channels are available including national, regional, local,
public, and international channels; satellite and cable TV systems available;
multiple national radio networks, a large number of regional radio networks,
and a larger number of local radio stations; overall, hundreds of radio
stations (2008)
Internet
country code:
.es
Internet
hosts:
4.228
million (2012)
country
comparison to the world: 26
Internet
users:
28.119
million (2009)
country
comparison to the world: 14
Airports:
152 (2012)
country
comparison to the world: 36
Airports -
with paved runways:
total: 98
over 3,047
m: 18
2,438 to
3,047 m: 12
1,524 to
2,437 m: 19
914 to
1,523 m: 25
under 914
m: 24 (2012)
Airports -
with unpaved runways:
total: 54
1,524 to
2,437 m: 2
914 to
1,523 m: 14
under 914
m: 38 (2012)
Heliports:
10 (2012)
Pipelines:
gas 9,359
km; oil 560 km; refined products 3,441 km (2010)
Railways:
total:
15,293 km
country
comparison to the world: 18
broad
gauge: 11,919 km 1.668-m gauge (6,950 km electrified)
standard
gauge: 1,392 km 1.435-m gauge (1,054 km electrified)
narrow
gauge: 1,954 km 1.000-m gauge (815 km electrified); 28 km 0.914-m gauge
(2008)
Roadways:
total:
681,298 km
country
comparison to the world: 10
paved:
681,298 km (includes 15,152 km of expressways) (2008)
Waterways:
1,000 km
(2012)
country
comparison to the world: 64
Merchant
marine:
total: 132
country
comparison to the world: 44
by type:
bulk carrier 7, cargo 19, chemical tanker 8, container 5, liquefied gas 12,
passenger/cargo 43, petroleum tanker 18, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off
9, vehicle carrier 7
foreign-owned:
27 (Canada 4, Germany 4, Italy 1, Mexico 1, Norway 10, Russia 6, Switzerland 1)
registered in other countries: 103 (Angola 1, Argentina 3,
Bahamas 6, Brazil 12, Cape Verde 1, Cyprus 6, Ireland 1, Malta 8, Morocco 9,
Panama 30, Peru 1, Portugal 18, Uruguay 5, Venezuela 1, unknown 1) (2010)
Ports and
terminals:
Algeciras, Barcelona, Bilbao, Cartagena, Huelva, Tarragona,
Valencia (Spain); Las Palmas, Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands)
Military
branches:
Spanish
Armed Forces: Army (Ejercito de Tierra), Spanish Navy (Armada Espanola, AE;
includes Marine Corps), Spanish Air Force (Ejercito del Aire Espanola, EdA)
(2010)
Military
service age and obligation:
18 years of
age for voluntary military service by a Spanish citizen or legal immigrant, 2-3
year obligation; women allowed to serve in all SAF branches, including combat
units; Spanish Government can mobilize citizens 19-25 years of age in a
national emergency; mandatory retirement of non-NCO enlisted personnel at age
45 or 58, depending on service length (2012)
Manpower
available for military service:
males age
16-49: 11,759,557
females age
16-49: 11,204,688 (2010 est.)
Manpower
fit for military service:
males age
16-49: 9,603,939
females age
16-49: 9,116,928 (2010 est.)
Manpower
reaching militarily significant age annually:
male:
217,244
female:
205,278 (2010 est.)
Military
expenditures:
1.2% of GDP
(2005 est.)
country
comparison to the world: 119
Disputes -
international:
in 2002,
Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to reject any
"shared sovereignty" arrangement; the government of Gibraltar insists
on equal participation in talks between the UK and Spain; Spain disapproves of
UK plans to grant Gibraltar greater autonomy; Morocco protests Spain's control
over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and the islands of Penon de Velez
de la Gomera, Penon de Alhucemas, and Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters;
both countries claim Isla Perejil (Leila Island); Morocco serves as the primary
launching site of illegal migration into Spain from North Africa; Portugal does
not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a
difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty
of Badajoz
Illicit drugs:
despite
rigorous law enforcement efforts, North African, Latin American, Galician, and
other European traffickers take advantage of Spain's long coastline to land
large shipments of cocaine and hashish for distribution to the European market;
consumer for Latin American cocaine and North African hashish; destination and
minor transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin; money-laundering site for
Colombian narcotics trafficking organizations and organized crime
Source: CIA - The World Factbook, March 15, 2013 - Spain, a public domain source
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